Homework: Doesn’t improve grades but boosts test scores
Since my twins often have an hour or more of homework each night, I found this study out of Indiana University interesting. This piece comes from IU.
A study led by an Indiana University School of Education faculty member finds little correlation between time spent on homework and better course grades for math and science students, but a positive relationship between homework time and performance on standardized tests.
“When Is Homework Worth the Time?” is a recently published work of Adam Maltese, assistant professor of science education in the IU School of Education, along with co-authors Robert H. Tai, associate professor of science education at the Curry School of Education at the University of Virginia, and Xitao Fan, dean of education at the University of Macau.
The authors examined survey and transcript data of more than 18,000 10th-grade students to uncover explanations for academic performance. The data focused on individual classes for students, examining the outcomes through the transcripts for students from two nationwide samples collected in 1990 and 2002 by the National Center for Education Statistics.
Contrary to much of the published research, a regression analysis of time spent on homework and the final class grade found no substantive difference in grades between students who complete homework and those who do not. But the analysis found a positive association between student performance on standardized tests and the time they spent on homework.
“Our results hint that maybe homework is not being used as well as it could be,” Maltese said.
The authors suggest in their conclusions that other factors such as class participation and attendance may mitigate the association of homework to stronger grade performance. They also indicate that the types of homework assignments typically given may work better toward standardized test preparation than for retaining knowledge of class material.
Maltese puts forward the idea that “if students are spending more time on homework, they’re getting exposed to the types of questions and the procedures for answering questions that are not so different from standardized tests.”
Maltese said the genesis for the study was a concern about whether a traditional and ubiquitous educational practice, such as homework, is associated with students achieving at a higher level in math and science. Many media reports about education compare U.S. students unfavorably to high-achieving math and science students from across the world. The 2007 documentary film “Two Million Minutes” compared two Indiana students to students in India and China, taking particular note of how much more time the Indian and Chinese students spent on studying or completing homework.
“We’re not trying to say that all homework is bad,” Maltese said. “It’s expected that students are going to do homework. This is more of an argument that it should be quality over quantity. So in math, rather than doing the same types of problems over and over again, maybe it should involve having students analyze new types of problems or data. In science, maybe the students should write concept summaries instead of just reading a chapter and answering the questions at the end.”
This issue is particularly relevant given that the time spent on homework reported by most students translates into the equivalent of 100 to 180 50-minute class periods of extra learning time each year.
“The results from this study imply that homework should be purposeful,” Tai said, “and that the purpose must be understood by both the teacher and the students.”
The authors conclude that given current policy initiatives of the U.S. Department of Education, states and school districts to improve science, technology, engineering and math education, more evaluation should be done about how to use homework time more effectively. They suggest more research be done on the form and function of homework assignments.
“In today’s current educational environment, with all the activities taking up children’s time both in school and out of school, the purpose of each homework assignment must be clear and targeted,” Tai said. “With homework, more is not better.”
“If homework is going to be such an important component of learning in American schools, it should be used in some way that’s more beneficial,” Maltese said. “More thought needs to be given to this, rather than just repeating problems already done in class.”
–From Maureen Downey, for the AJC Get Schooled blog
Tell us what you think about the site
Customer Care »
Vacation stops, manage subscriptions and more
AJC Services
Sections
Other Editions
Visitor Agreement | Privacy Statement
© 2013 The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
99 comments Add your comment
Halftrack
November 16th, 2012
11:41 am
“The results from this study imply that homework should be purposeful,” Tai said, “and that the purpose must be understood by both the teacher and the students.” This has always been the case for education. We are finding that out everyday – - – critical thinking is not being taught by our teachers.
Speed Racer
November 16th, 2012
12:03 pm
Grades and test scores aren’t the standard by which everything should be measured. I believe the goal is…learning.
chicagojeff
November 16th, 2012
12:11 pm
Just reading these post indicate to me that reading comprehension homework was not sufficiently completed by the lot of you. Why would you comment on an article if you haven’t read it? I think I know why.. because when they start using words you’re not comfortable with data..outcomes..translate.. you just signed it off as a written piece condemning homework. Purposeful directed homework makes good sense. Children’s time should be looked at as precious. Just assigning busy work is nonsensical and the children are clear that that is what you are doing.
Sandy Springs parent
November 16th, 2012
12:14 pm
@ Private citizen thank you what folks don’t realize is that study halls to do any assigned homework is the great equalizer for those of us who weren’t born on the right side of the tracks. I was that kid that was embarrassed getting off the bus at the trailer park. Even though my father owned it he still made us live in it. I also have a mother who a high school drop out ( I need to go out and buy her a cell phone and add it to my plan, since $775 in Social Security is quite livable, and I can’t have an 86 year old stranded. My father went to college to play football and then when his grades went down lost his scholarship. There was no one to help with homework. We lived 16 miles from school during the gas rationing of the 70’s so you made that bus.
I have worked since I was 11 babysitting, caddying at the country club ( putting up with the comments of the prevented old men, including the doctor with the RR who wanted to drive me home), washing the walls of some rich ladies house after a fire, working at the pro shop at the country club, working at a dinner, working at a grocery store. These were just my jobs during high school. So when was I going to go the hours of BS homework that is now given. Thank goodness, I went to school in New York where students were separated out, by academic potential into Regents college bound, me. Then general which went to vocational school afternoons Junior and senior years.
So for all of you that love Homework, think about how you are disenfranchising students, since the schools no longer allow a full period of study hall with teachers available to help. Tutorials prior to school are the most ridiculous things on earth, how are students suppose to get there???? unless children can stay until parents get off of work or there is a bus home, not a sweep bus to nowhere close, the something with afternoon tutorial. What parent Cana pickup at 4:45.
I fortunately have a high IQ, and drive. I went to college when Private colleges were less than $7k with room and board, instead of even Alabama out do state $42k, Baylor 44k, my old college $46k, most privates $56k. I graduated with a master’s in Engineering in 5 years , with only $14k in debt. I made over the SS maximum contribution during the majority of my career.
@ grammar police this is an informal blog. I am trying to type on an I-pad. I a sure I made several times what you did. I hired former English teachers as my secretary’s or executive assistants. If you want to be that get a better paying job as an executive assistant. Then you will complain about answering the phone. I don’t drink coffee so you will never make it for me.
Claudia Stucke
November 16th, 2012
12:19 pm
Dr. Spinks succinctly points out what cognitive psychologists and other education researchers have found as well. The problem is how to apply the practice. Reinforcement is the most efficient and meaningful way to get a lesson to “take” or to get new information to find an accessible place in the brain. Students can greatly improve understanding if they simply go over texts again after they get home. (I would say “notes,” but getting students to take notes is yet another battle.)
So if homework (even if just going over the day’s lessons) reinforces learning or understanding (as evidenced by test scores), then why doesn’t it help daily grades? For one thing, kids often refuse to do it, and it results in a zero for that day’s homework grade. I have mixed feelings about grading homework in the first place, since it is meant to be a tool to promote understanding and a reality check for students to see if they understood the lesson. I don’t like to penalize a student for learning, especially if he or she made the effort to do the work. But as students pointed out to me, “We aren’t going to do it if you’re not going to grade it,” which was their rationale for not taking notes. “We’ll take notes if you grade them.” ???? The problem here: Many students have come to see “education” as merely the exchange of paper for grades. Paper goes in, grades come out . . . . and not much (if anything) passes through the brain long enough to lodge. There’s also the issue of immediate (versus delayed) gratification, which is understandable in the world young people have grown up in: ATMs, microwave ovens, instant answers from Google, etc. . . . .
I Don't Care for Homework
November 16th, 2012
12:30 pm
Because the kids are already tired from being at school all day & every teacher decides to give the kids homework that is due the next morning, it’s too much & too time consuming. Let them learn in class & let them do some reading, but giving them homework everyday for every subject doesn’t make much sense. When will the kids have time to sleep?
Claudia Stucke
November 16th, 2012
12:33 pm
@Halftrack: We’re trying to teach critical thinking. I went into teaching thinking that adolescents would enjoy discussion and would find it freeing to know that some (most) questions have more than one “right” or “wrong” answer. Imagine my dismay when they demanded worksheets and multiple-choice tests instead. Sure, I was able to engage even some marginally literate ninth-graders in a heated debate among themselves about who was most responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet (a great exercise in critical thinking and ethics, among other things); but even then I often heard, “So what’s the answer?” as if there were only one–the “right” one. Or, sadly, “Will this be on the test?” I even resorted to pulling out Bloom’s Taxonomy (it’s not a secret–kids should know that we’re trying to help them learn to think, not trying to teach them WHAT to think) and showed them that the lowest classification was informational and that higher-order thinking skills were farther up the scale. There’s no one reason why many students are stuck on the information-acquisition end, but even the brighter students are often resistant to taking chances or risking “wrong” answers in front of peers.
catlady
November 16th, 2012
12:38 pm
Was one of their datasets the NELS 88 data?
I’d like to read their discussion of their regression analysis. What did they control for? For example, were kids who did better ALREADY IN classes that require more homework (AP, higher math, physics?) Did they find, independent of IQ, parental education, SES, etc, that kids with more homework did better?
I would wonder
Proud Teacher
November 16th, 2012
1:04 pm
You teach a team that you play like you practice so you must practice very diligently. Isn’t homework much the same thing? And yet how many of you debunk the idea of homework? Homework could solve several problems that aren’t class grade related such as better test scores, less time with frivolous technology, less time in the street, and practiced focus on school. Life is not fair and life is not easy, now or ever.
Solutions
November 16th, 2012
1:10 pm
The quality of the homework time makes a big difference. Sitting in front of the tv with a math book open in your lap is not quality homework time. Solving problems alone in a dark room is quality homework time, especially if you are using a programmed text that allows you to check your solutions immediately, and gives hints if you are stuck. The trick is to try to solve the problems using the models prior to looking at the hints or worse yet the solutions. You must have hints and solutions immediately available to avoid frustration, a frustrated students soon stops trying.
cris
November 16th, 2012
1:23 pm
@Sandy Springs I appreciate what you’re trying to say, but in places it’s almost impossible to decipher what you’re trying to say…and the bragging about how much you make and who you hire is somewhat childish given your supposed level of education and accomplishment.
Private Citizen
November 16th, 2012
1:23 pm
Maybe no math homework in Georgia so the state will have more grown-up lottery customers! -would be a good thing for the state to get out of the gaming business. If you want gaming, open up casinos. Casinos have food/ buffet and entertainment and whole families can go instead of mom, pop, and auntie hanging out at the convenience stores to pay dollars into a state business. And I dearly love my friends who own convenience stores but there is definitely a “lottery culture” and they sure know little of maths! ! !
And as a university student, please! keep your lottery money. I do not know want it and it should be going to buy toys and supplies for the kids, bought by their parents instead of paying it out one dollar at a time to the state for gaming.
Private Citizen
November 16th, 2012
1:27 pm
State needs to get out of the “hope” business and get into the “ethics” business. One half-way audit done and retracted. How about “finish the job” and and move on to the other 200-something school districts. PS It’s really gets on their nerves when you call a state agency and say, “Hey! Why don’t you do your job!” Much consternation in Georgia with this concept. Answer is “Huh? Wha?”
Those gaming people are “doing their job” just like it is told in the good book. And I don’t mean the right side of the good book, either.
Hmmmmmmm
November 16th, 2012
2:25 pm
It’s NO wonder that public school learning is at the bottom of the charts in this country… The IU research project sounds like a government sponsored study…. Pathetic at best! Try going to one of the more credible private institutions in this state. i.e Westminster in Atlanta, Lovett, or Pace Academy. Home work is an essential part of every students learning process. AS IT SHOULD BE…. But hey, we wouldn’t have any democratic voters if there were not public schools to dumb our kids down…
@Sandy Springs parent busted
November 16th, 2012
2:57 pm
@Sandy Springs parent the only tight end drafted in the first round of the 1981 NFL draft was from South Carolina. Not exactly Big 10 country.
Try again.
Private Citizen
November 16th, 2012
4:19 pm
Speaking from experience, putting periodic “homework” grades as part of your student grade report with get you an icy reception from administrators in this current feel-good good-times politic, as will high results from students since you just “made everyone else look bad.” Craz-z-z-y (thank you to the expressive beatnik entertainers – who probably did their homework).
Private Citizen
November 16th, 2012
4:27 pm
It is kind of like the current demand is to want high results but in an informal setting, informal approach, everybody (students) “do their own thing.” Its like the bosses front to shop from a nice catalog. The whole mess sort of contains a sense of unreality. It’s really a bhoozie make-believe formula nudged along with crispy press releases. The marketing preceeds the support materials. The new marketing… preceeds the support materials. If teachers had “power” there would be no “power” left for anyone else, and the bosses are insecure and hunger for it (power). The bosses network with the students against the teachers. Seen this in 4th tier state colleges, too. Erroneous complaint, big response. Teacher is dirt, under the heel, student and administrator are puffed up in unison.
Jack ®
November 16th, 2012
6:27 pm
That old homework probably interfers with TV and the internet.
Private Citizen
November 16th, 2012
6:39 pm
Jack, It would be sensible to have internet based homework, a website where homework is done. This would make grading / credit quick and effective for the teacher, as opposed to checking homework on paper, which can be time consuming.
Private Citizen
November 16th, 2012
6:40 pm
PS Much interest in contemporary digital means for teaching, as printed textbooks are now obsolete.
Laurie
November 16th, 2012
10:16 pm
“Many students have come to see ‘education’ as merely the exchange of paper for grades.”
I think that is exactly true.
But who or what is teaching them to think of it that way?
AlreadySheared
November 16th, 2012
10:46 pm
@cris
You show respect! This is an anonymous forum on the internet – someone tell you they have professional credentials and high income YOU DON’T QUESTION THAT. They tell the truth always out of respect. YOU show respect.
Beverly Fraud
November 17th, 2012
4:01 am
An Atlanta School Board member investigated for an ethics violation? Again?
Knock me over with a feather!
Beverly Fraud
November 17th, 2012
4:11 am
“They suggest more research be done on the form and function of homework assignments.”
And how might this be implemented?
“Well, if we can cut 15 to 20 of those pesky teachers out of the budget, we can free up the funds for a new Department of Homework! I’ll run it by Cheryl this afternoon.”
Beverly Fraud
November 17th, 2012
4:13 am
Disclaimer: The name Cheryl does not refer to any particular educational figure; any resemblance to an educational figure in purely coincidental.
Of course.
Steve
November 17th, 2012
4:23 am
I can see where homework would help on standardized tests. I have a couple thoughts from teaching for 33 years. Why ask memorize, reguritate and flush questions? Why not have performanced based tests? I would rather know my child can do something. Why is my grandson in kindergarten getting an hour of reading and math homework every night? He is 5 and already hates reading and math. We wonder why there is such a high drop out rate. Where is the common sense? Has anyone in education or political office really thought this through? Is this one of those good ideas with unintended consequences I keep hearing politicians hearing about? I think that education no longer cares about the kid but only about how education looks.
Tony
November 17th, 2012
6:18 am
So many in our society miss the point about homework and other aspects of achievement in schools. It is not about who’s the smartest or who gets the highest grades. It is much more about who is willing to show initiative, work hard, and learn the most. These motivations come from within the student and are often based on family values that are instilled at early ages.
Why are these important? When you are talking about academic exercises, like homework, then you are talking about activities that require extra effort. This extra effort and the desire to do well come from attitudes within a person. Generally, the more time a person spends working on something, the better that person will do. This applies to everything! Athletes know it. Musicians know it. And high achieving students know it.
The fact that our society has such animosity toward homework is an indicator that we hold high academic standards in contempt. It really does not matter what we think about homework. What matters is whether we value hard work and that we spend the time it takes to truly master the knowledge and skills that will lead to future success.
You will not get a good education if you do not put effort into it. This is one of the biggest reasons that our focus on teachers’ evaluations using test scores is fallacious from the outset.
Private Citizen
November 17th, 2012
8:12 am
Steve How true, how true. Well said.
Tony You’re addressing two different things. The first is way wrong. Being a performance drone as measurement of worth is perfect objective of peasant society, i.e. did you do what you were told to do, how well? etc. The second thing you address is hostility toward intellectualism, a comment I recent read made about the oil rich Arab countries. Anyway, it all seems to be about central power and outside orders. PS starting to see our state DOE as a puppet. Who has the hand in the glove, who is the puppet-master?
Here’s your homework. Identify which image is government propaganda and which is from computer video game:
1. Bin Laden’s Mountain Fortress http://www.forwardon.com/attachments/2009-01-25/1232916861485bl.gif
2. Minecraft http://i.imgur.com/nZwr6.jpg
Compare and Contrast: http://cache.gawkerassets.com/assets/images/4/2011/05/osamahouse_01.jpg
mountain man
November 17th, 2012
8:29 am
“Grades and test scores aren’t the standard by which everything should be measured. I believe the goal is…learning.”
Pray tell, how do you measure “learning” without grdes or standardized tests? We used to be able to measure student performance by grades, then HOPE started grade inflation – along with pushy parents who wanted a grade changed.
a_mom
November 17th, 2012
8:48 am
@BehindEnemyLines 9:05am – You sounded like it’s reasonable to give 2-4 hours of homework a night. FOUR HOURS?!! Mine are still in elementary school, but I see the older kids getting off the bus around 4pm. Assume they should have at least 30 minutes of “down time” when they get home for a snack & tell parents about their day. Hopefully, another 1/2 hour so they can get out in the fresh air & play a little. That makes it 5pm. With 4 hours of work, plus 1/2 hour for dinner, plus 1/2 hour for showers & getting ready for the next day… they’ll be going to bed at 10pm. And that allows no time for any extracurricular activities to make them well-rounded. Grades ALWAYS come first to me, but I would like to think my kids can take music lessons or play a sport. If teachers are loading up on that much daily homework, then I think a lot of it is just busywork or to make it look like they’re good teachers.
I went to public school in Florida and I never remember getting much homework until junior high/high school. There was some in later elementary (4th-6th), but mostly a page of math problems (which needs repetition) and the occasional science report, book report, or social studies diorama. My kids in Cherokee have had homework since Kindergarten, and I think that’s ridiculous!! If you google it, there are a lot of studies suggesting that very young kids shouldn’t have “homework”, per se. They learn to hate school and are weary of it before they hit the higher grades. The material at young ages should be mostly covered during school. Even in high school, I usually had around 1.5 hours of homework, with the exception of the occassional special reports. I attended college on an academic scholarship, so lack of “busywork” homework didn’t hinder my education.
Too many teachers seem to think it makes them a better teacher if they’re giving lots of homework every day. The best teachers make sure they cover most of the material in class. Homework should be for a purpose, not just mindless repetition.
South Georgia
November 17th, 2012
9:04 am
More and more excuses to do less and less. Ask students at Georgia Tech how much homework they did in high school…then ask the 20 and 30 year olds working at McDonalds how much homework they did while they were in high school. I’m glad I did my homework 40 years ago.
Private Citizen
November 17th, 2012
9:18 am
Elementary school should be reserved for childhood. (i.e no homework). To even expect a child that young to relate to that type responsibility seems abusive. Cold to say, but really folks. Steve said it best about this preoccupation about “appearances” for the powers to be certain is “appear” effective seems to be priority #1. This one reason I am uncomfortable about the period degrees of “excellent schools” and “star teachers.” I mean, so what? It sets the tone that appearances are what count. It’s like the difference in marketing and engineering. A good engineer does not need to promote themselves, as their work is evident. Folks, we need to get real about this saturation testing. It is ongoing and I think it is abusive to kids and puts teachers on a hampster wheel. People say there should be periodic (annual?) testing and I agree but that is not what is happening. Anyway, off topic.
homework -> given to elementary students in order to present “image” or “appearances” of diligence -> pattern of marketing as a priority that turns into policy that turns into making people to things -> one of the reasons for saturation testing?
subtext: what is a wholesome environment for children (elementary) and students (toward high school)
Private Citizen
November 17th, 2012
9:20 am
typos. pardon the sloppy non-proofed typing. corrected:
“This is one reason I am uncomfortable about the periodic decrees of “excellent schools” and “star teachers”
Private Citizen
November 17th, 2012
9:24 am
Homework for elementary and homework for high school are two completely different things. The source article is specific to 10th grade students, although it is productive for the discussion to “branch” to the unexpected news that elementary students are being assigned homework.
Tony
November 17th, 2012
9:54 am
So, private, are you saying people should simply sit back and wait for their good reward? that hard work has nothing to do with a person’s accomplishments in life? I ask that because you seem to have taken my response and twisted it into something that I did not say.
bootney farnsworth
November 17th, 2012
10:03 am
this is stupid, and appears to totally ignore the point of homework.
studying you do, on your own, outside of class.
now why do such a revolutionary thing?
-practice for when you get older/up in school and it really counts
-accountability
-disipline
-to learn more
-to gage retention of what’s taught in class
God above, its no wonder the American public has lost faith in public ed
bootney farnsworth
November 17th, 2012
10:05 am
why bother to teach at all?
why not just have a decade long recess and give them worthless diplomas they can be proud of while they stand in the unemployment line?
bootney farnsworth
November 17th, 2012
10:08 am
I’m a big believer in homework should be age and intellect appropriate, but some of the comments I’ve read here….
absent common sense, accountablity, and in many instances brain cells
Woody
November 17th, 2012
11:09 am
If you cannot teach a subject and find a way to reinforce that right there in the classroom, and perhaps test for retention the following day, then I think that something is very wrong. By testing for retention the next day, child might decide on his/her own that some practice work is a good thing.
Lee
November 17th, 2012
12:40 pm
We’ve blogged the homework issue to death in the past. What is this, round 15?
Bottom line, there are benefits to doing homework. Just as there are benefits to playtime, family time, chores, sports, and leisure. The $64k question has always been quantity vs quality.
My biggest problem with homework as a parent was that it seemed the teacher sent home all the stuff she was supposed to cover in class, but didn’t have time. Send it home and hopefully the parents can teach it. When elementary kids are doing 2-3 hours of homework per night, something is wrong. Way back when, I just don’t remember having the homework load that my children had.
Common sense people. That’s all most parents ask for…
mountain man
November 17th, 2012
1:04 pm
I don’t think they should give homework. It interferes too much with kid’s video gaming time.
Sandy Springs Parent
November 17th, 2012
5:16 pm
Try the 1980 Draft, the same year Mark Harmon was drafted as a quarterback. It was 30 plus years ago. I don’t have a penis.
catlanta
November 17th, 2012
7:00 pm
Homework teaches self-discipline, a skill that is developed outside of required class-time.
The by-product is better test scores and increased comprehension while a student, but most of all it prepares a kid for higher education and the psychology of success in the workforce, when no one is “requiring” them to do certain things to get promoted or find their own path to excellence.
Private Citizen
November 17th, 2012
8:18 pm
Tony,
First, read the two pages of comments and then return renewed.
Second, it is not a simple issue and anyone saying “March! MArch!” probably uses words like “entitlements” too.
Thirds, hey Mountain Man, check out this Official information from the Seattle police department http://spdblotter.seattle.gov/2012/11/09/marijwhatnow-a-guide-to-legal-marijuana-use-in-seattle/
Private Citizen
November 17th, 2012
8:26 pm
If you had a vo-tech or shop program, you could probably get some (high school age) kids to do hours of homework and on weekends, too. Somebody once told me that in their town (not in Georgia) the vo-tech program used to build a house every year, but all of that is gone now.
Robert Ryshke
November 18th, 2012
7:12 am
Hard to know whether this is meaningful because we don’t get any data on whether they looked at the value of the homework. There is “good” and “bad” homework. Good homework should be factored into a students grade if it is designed to improve mastery, long-term memory, and application of the concepts being studied. We need to know more about the teachers who were involved in the study and the alignment of their philosophy on grading and homework. Without this knowledge the study’s findings are meaningless. I think you post needs to be more intellectually rigorous. Don’t present the conclusions without determining whether they have merit. My guess is that they HAVE NO MERIT if you looked at how it was conducted. I will take a closer look to see if I am right in my suspicions.
Claudia Stucke
November 18th, 2012
10:54 am
@Laurie, I wish I knew. The problem may be our culture/society itself; I think it’s a complex issue with many possible answers.
@Lee, the reality of today’s high school classroom is that one teacher is trying to address the needs of 40 young people (possibly more) whose comprehension/ability levels may range from early elementary to college. (And several are still learning English as their second or third language.) Trying to introduce, model, practice, and reinforce within a 45- to 50-minute period is, I think, a superhuman feat. Kudos to anyone who can do this; I had to acknowledge that I can’t.
South Georgia
November 18th, 2012
11:29 am
@Claudia Stucke your point is very accurately made. Many board members as well as local and sometimes very vocal people have not stepped back into a classroom since they graduated or dropped out years, if not decades ago. The requirements and expectations now placed on teachers would be realistic if each teacher had a secretary to handle the paperwork, help handle discipline and document parent contacts. We…demand data…data driven…what does the data say? What the data will say if we continue as we are is that we required too much data and that the teachers who were expected to be miracle workers were drowned by the data. Let teachers teach.
Claudia Stucke
November 19th, 2012
1:15 pm
Thank you, South Georgia. Like so many other teachers who are still in the trenches, I didn’t need a secretary–just a smaller number of students!