Federal study: Charter schools no more successful in improving achievement, attendance or behavior
As regular readers know, I have concerns about the General Assembly’s zeal for charter schools, which I consider a quick fix approach to education based largely on renaming schools rather than reforming them.
I like charter schools; I just don’t think they are the answer to under-performing schools. Nor are they a surrogate for the challenging work of improving teacher quality.
And here’s a new federal study — the first large-scale randomized trial of the effectiveness of charter schools in multiple states and types of communities — that underscores my concerns that lawmakers believe that turning schools into charters is all they need to do to improve education in Georgia. (Legislators claim that they have other reform ideas, but take a look at the significant legislation of the past four years.)
This study has been long awaited and will spark a lot of debate. Let’s start it here.
Many years ago, when charters were just appearing on the education horizon, I attended a program at UNC where a speaker predicted that the most likely benefit of charter schools would be higher parental satisfaction because parents chose the school and thus were more likely to see positive effects, even if the academics were not better. That led to a spirited discussion among the reporters over whether parental satisfaction, in the absence of measurable improvements in key areas, was enough to deem a reform successful.
Our view was that it was not. I still feel that way. There has to be more reason to support charters than parents feel good about them.
I recall one of the deans of Southern education reporting talking about how he found parents were often pleased with their school and their children’s teachers, even when the school was under performing.
I also want to note that the comment in this press statement — that while charters on average don’t outperform their traditional counterparts, there are wide variations among charter schools — is true of all schools.
From the Institute of Education Sciences of the U.S. DOE:
Charter middle schools popular enough to hold admission lotteries are, on average, no more successful than nearby traditional public schools in boosting student achievement, behavior, and school attendance according to a new evaluation released today by the Institute of Education Sciences. However, charter schools vary widely ‐‐ some are more effective and others less effective than nearby traditional public schools.
Those located in large urban areas and those serving disadvantaged students are the most successful. “This study adds to a growing body of evidence on this important policy issue,” said IES Director John Easton. “We examined academic progress, but we also dug deeper to try to understand more bout the variability of charter school outcomes and why some are more or less effective than traditional public schools.”
The Evaluation of the Impact of Charter Schools was conducted with 2,330 students who applied to 36 charter middle schools that held lotteries for admission. The study was directed by the National Center for Education Evaluation within IES and conducted by Mathematica Policy Research and its partners.
The study focuses on students who attended charter middle schools, usually grades 5 through 8, and who attended a school in operation two years or more. These schools had to be popular enough have a lottery because that allowed researchers to compare two similar groups of students, one offered admission to the charter they applied to and one not offered admission. On average, the participating charter middle schools served more advantaged students than other charter middle schools nationally.
The study charter schools had lower numbers of students eligible for free or reduced‐price lunch (44 percent to 62 percent nationally) and smaller percentages of students below proficiency on state assessments when they applied to the charter school (34 percent versus 49 percent in math). Additionally, fewer African‐American students attended the study charter schools than other charter schools nationally (16 percent versus 29 percent).
In each charter school, impacts were estimated by comparing average achievement outcomes among lottery winners with those of lottery losers over the 2 years following the lottery. Researchers compared performance on state math and reading tests, but because the tests varied by grade and from state to state, the scores were converted to a comparable scale.
Key findings from the evaluation include:
On average, study charter schools did not have a statistically significant impact on student achievement. However, the averages mask wide variation across the charter schools in how well their lottery winners performed relative to the lottery losers, who typically went back to their neighborhood schools.
Study charter schools did not significantly affect most other outcomes examined, except for parent and student satisfaction. These outcomes included absences, suspensions, and other measures of performance, as well as survey‐based measures of effort in school, student well‐being, behavior and attitudes, and parental involvement. However, lottery winners were 12 percentage points more likely and their parents were 33 percentage points more likely to say they were more satisfied with their schools than lottery losers.
Study charter schools were more effective for lower-income and lower achieving students and less effective for higher-income and higher-achieving students. On average, lottery winners with initial low test scores and lottery winners from low‐income families benefited academically from admission to charter schools (in math) while their more advantaged counterparts did not. However, there were no significant differences in charter school impacts for other student subgroups—such as those defined by race, ethnicity, and gender.
The variation in student achievement impacts among charter schools may be related to certain school characteristics. Charter schools in large urban areas, those serving more lower‐income or more lower‐achieving students produced positive impacts on student math scores relative to other nearby school options. Charter schools outside of large urban areas, those serving fewer low‐income students, and those serving higher‐achieving students had negative impacts on test scores. Less negative impacts were found in smaller charter schools and those more likely to use ability grouping.
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177 comments Add your comment
@Ivyprepmom
June 29th, 2010
2:21 pm
BTW, The girls at Ivy Prep 100% of them 6th and 7th grade passed the CRCT Language part!! We must be doing something right!!
IvyPrepmom, tell us if we are wrong, but I bet dollars for donuts there one thing the school has and one thing the school doesn’t have.
Bet it supports its teachers in discipline
Bet its administrators don’t have extra boxes of erasers hidden away for the CRCT!
IVYPREPMOM
June 29th, 2010
2:24 pm
@Dunwoody Mom – would you please just come out and post exactly what you think is going on!! Stop being so evasive and just say what it is that is on your mind. Please, because all of this before and after crap is just that crap.
@Catlady, I dont know what other schools require. Every school that my child has attended I had to provide some time of paperwork. It is just par for the course when you enroll a child at school. Except for Hopewell Christian Academy and that is because she attended the school more than 1 year in a row. But even when I put her back in after Sugar Hill I didnt have to do anything but fill out a request to transfer her transcript. However, I did have to agree to drive my child to school, there is no bus system for these girls. We also did have to provide lunch but we wont have to next year. We also did have to pay for 2 books that cost maybe $20. I dont have to volunteer unless I want to but I volunteered at the other schools as well. I volunteer at my sons school to but no one says anything about that.
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:25 pm
Ivy Prep to my knowledge is not open to half the student population (males). Please explain how it is equitable for the rest of us to fund a school that has segregation as part of its mission?
@Ivyprepmom
June 29th, 2010
2:25 pm
There IS one thing the school has that is!
DC Dawg
June 29th, 2010
2:27 pm
John konop wrote: “What the study should of (sic) done….
My instincts tell me that it could have a roll (sic)in public education by creating specialize (sic)choices….
the key to understand (sic)the success or failure of a project….”
Folks, if you’re going to contribute to an on-line conversation about education reform, at least use proper grammar and proofread your posts. Otherwise, you look like a complete and illiterate idiot.
IVYPREPMOM
June 29th, 2010
2:28 pm
@IVYPREP MOM,
Yes our adminstrators do back up the teachers but let me tell you who else backs up our teachers – THE PARENTS!!! We hold our girls accountable for their grades and behavior!! At all times.
HStchr
June 29th, 2010
2:29 pm
GtMom- I used to teach an SAT prep class in another county (I wrote the program for it). It was an elective class that kids could choose to take. What we quickly discovered was that our college-bound juniors and seniors were panicked about the test and were begging to get into the class to help them prepare. I actually taught them valuable critical thinking skills while working on how to take the test. Every kid I taught brought his/her score up and felt much better. While I agree that test taking ceases to matter upon college entrance, it is indeed a big deal when the child is trying to get into competitive schools (especially when they’re trying to stay in state and use HOPE). I highly recommend that students take such a class, especially if they’re a good student who just doesn’t test well. By the time I finished with them, they were calm and ready for the test, and they had valuable vocabulary and reading skills that could be applied to college classes. I’ve heard back from some who said they really have used a lot of what was taught as part of the SAT class.
EnoughAlready
June 29th, 2010
2:29 pm
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:25 pm
Why not just request a seperate charter school for boys? See the article I refereced above for how successful it can be.
catlady
June 29th, 2010
2:30 pm
Oops! And uniforms! So we have a pretty select group already. All these requirements say, “Disposable income.”
Don’t get me wrong! I support single-sex education! But, with hoops like the above, you CANNOT compare Ivy Prep to anything but other Ivy Preps!
I’d love to see incoming data on the girls who are accepted into the program, the student retention rates, and other demographics including sped, ELL, and federal lunch numbers (if any). I see none of that on their website. Also, nothing about the admissions process except it is closed for next year. Will try to find data in the GDOE and report card websites later.
Best wishes to your daughter and the other young women!
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:30 pm
Gwinnett Mom, over 90% of the population isn’t open to handicap parking spaces. Are you saying we shouldn’t fund them either?
Jails don’t provide housing for law abiding citizens who haven’t been convicted of a crime. You saying we shouldn’t fund them either?
Maybe we should fund schools that WORK, instead of making a mockery of the REAL segregation that used to take place in the public schools.
Maureen Downey
June 29th, 2010
2:31 pm
@EducationCEO, Here are a few things I think should happen in public education. I think these things would do more for quality than the current belief that we ought to approve more charter schools:
1. No more attendance lines within school systems. You should not be limited by where you live in Cobb or Gwinnett. I think that it is too much to ask for bus transportation under this system, but I think all parents should get a transportation stipend so that parents in one area could pool their stipends and hire a van if all their kids were going to the same public school across town.
2. Let kids test out of classes. Kids should be where they need to be based on where they are. So, if a “sixth” grader is ready for “seventh” grade math, move that child up.
3. If a school system is too small to offer choice within its boundaries, consider allowing kids to cross districts.
4. Worry less if a school is a charter school and more if a school is a good school. And I still see one vital key to good schools: A great principal and smart, dedicated teachers.
5. If a teacher moves kids ahead year after year, pay them more. Measure on a growth model as does Decatur schools. Pay those successful, talented teachers more money. Celebrate them.
6. Test, but do it in third, 5th and 8th grades and make the tests multiple choice, constructive and essay. In high school, give one heck of a test in 11th grade and that’s it in terms of high-stakes graduation testing. Do it early enough in 11th grade to offer help to kids who fail.
7. Within every school system, encourage R&D schools. You don’t have to go through an arduous process to become a special school. Systems should listen to good ideas from their teachers and let them try them. That is how KIPP started in Houston when Rod Paige let two young Teach for America teachers try out their ideas in one wing of a school.
8. I don’t believe that all children learn in the exact same way or to the exact same level, but I do think all children are capable of learning. And I think it is fair to set a minimal level where we expect all students to be. And hope that many more exceed that.
9. Don’t think we can fund schools on the cheap. My favorite scene is a legislator telling me that schools don’t need any more money while his kid attends a school that costs $18,000 a year. For those who argue that many public schools are paying $12,000 per kid, please note that those averages are inflated by the money being spent on kids with special needs. For the most part, the kids with no special needs are getting the same amount of money spent on them today that they were 20 years ago, adjusting for inflation.
IVYPREPMOM
June 29th, 2010
2:34 pm
@Gwinnett Mom, it is an all girls school. Plain and simple. We just want the money that is allotted to our girls to follow them. What is wrong with that. Why should Lanier Middle get the money for my daughter when they have already failed her. No one wants to address that problem. I dont want your money, I want MINE to follow my child. Very simple. Or else force Lanier to treat my daughter with the respect that she deserves and not treat me like the “angry black woman” when I question what is being said or done to her!!!
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:38 pm
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom… I’m sorry but if you’re going to bring up segregation, please tell me the demographics of Ivy Prep and please compare them to the average public school in Gwinnett. Your examples about handicapped parking spaces and prisons are misguided – handicapping parking spaces and prisons are intended for certain populations – schools are not intended for just young girls… Furthermore, I’m not even opposed to charters, but I just don’t get all this hype of charters offering choice when Ivy Prep clearly does not offer such choice to half the student population.
EnoughAlready, if Ivy Prep accepted both girls and boys and had different classrooms, I could understand. But what I and most parents in my neighborhood don’t understand is how a school can be funded with public money yet not accept all students, regardless of gender.
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:39 pm
“@Gwinnett Mom, it is an all girls school. Plain and simple. We just want the money that is allotted to our girls to follow them. What is wrong with that”
Absolutely nothing IvyPrepMom, that’s most likely why when she got called on her “segregation” nonsense, she turned tail and ran.
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:41 pm
“Your examples about handicapped parking spaces and prisons are misguided – handicapping parking spaces and prisons are intended for certain populations – schools are not intended for just young girls”
I’m sorry Gwinnett mom; are you reporting that boys are no longer allow to attend school in Gwinnett county?
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:42 pm
Nope, just the opposite, they have every right to attend any school that is publicly funded.
Fedup
June 29th, 2010
2:44 pm
Any charter or public school will be successful if the parents support the school’s efforts, if the leadership has the ability to constantly and effectively monitor instruction, and if the staff is comprised of teachers who know the content and have the know-how/tools to engage the students in a meaningful curriculum. The tools would include technology and the know-how would involve appropriate training based upon best proven practices. The focus would NOT be on standardized testing, but the goal of gauging student achievement levels at the beginning of the school year and moving students forward must be the priority. We are no longer an agrarian society with the dependence upon children to help with farming the land, so a change in the school calendar to promote continuous learning without a three month gap is a necessity. This is a very realistic and practical approach that would need a nation to approve and make happen…sadly, we are more inclined to go with the status quo and sit back while the cycle of falure continues in this country.
Ivy Prep Dad
June 29th, 2010
2:44 pm
Gwinnett Mom you deserve a “Child Please!”…Ochocinco
Title IX single-sex regulations http://www2.ed.gov/news/pressreleases/2006/10/10242006.html
IVYPREPMOM
June 29th, 2010
2:44 pm
@CATLADY – Why would you say paying for uniforms is disposable income? It isn’t when I go school clothes shopping for my 2 kids, I get regular clothes for my son and uniforms for my daughter. There is no extra money spent. Instead of buying her jeans I buy her khakis. Instead of buying her lots of different shirts, I buy 2 of each color, white and green, and keep it going. I honestly spend less on her clothes than my sons clothes.
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:45 pm
When like minded parents set up a boys’ school in Gwinnett of equal quality to Ivy Prep, and it gets turned down, then you can talk about “segregation”.
Altanta Peach
June 29th, 2010
2:45 pm
Gwinnett Mom, I love your posts. I too find it so ironic that charter supporters proclaim they just want choice and yet are up and arms over a school that denies choice based on gender. Their true colors shine through brighter everyday.
catlady
June 29th, 2010
2:46 pm
Gwinnett Mom, How about starting a charter focusing on boys and their needs?
ConcernedFultonMom
June 29th, 2010
2:46 pm
Charter schools are another option…they are not the solution for everyone/every community
I will say that living in South Fulton had us seriously considering a charter school for a while.
Why? Because:
1. the parents generally were trying to earn a living and were not really able to be as active
2. I noticed a deliberate pattern from FCBOE whereby they would consistently schedule board meetings/workshops at 10am on weekdays
(if you are a concerned parent but not stay-at-home, too bad for you!)
3. I noticed that administrators regarded most of the active parents as a nuisance and not a help
4. A ridiculous “North vs. South” unspoken feud in which it seemed that North Fulton was able to get the “goods” because of the notion that “they pay more in taxes, thereby their kids should get more resources…” when really, North Fulton was lucky that the development happened there first…
so really, the schools of Fulton are all supposed to have the same resources – but it’s pretty obvious that it is/remains separate and unequal.
Mommy of 2
June 29th, 2010
2:50 pm
I’m interested in this debate because with children, I too want the best choice for my children. But I do agree with Gwinnett Mom, all schools should be open to all genders. Doesn’t seem fair to make everyone fund a school that doesn’t take boys.
The big picture
June 29th, 2010
2:52 pm
Look at the nine things Maureen wrote about. More importantly, think about the one thing she didn’t write about in her prescription for curing the public schools’ ills. Now go back and look at her comments at on the study and what she again, doesn’t mention.
Now if you can’t get more than a couple of readers out of 400,000 to bring this to light, then maybe Georgia deserves the failing schools it has, and will continue to have, into the foreseeable future.
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
2:54 pm
I’m sure Atlanta Peach is willing to be consistent and call for the abolition of all girls’ softball programs in the public schools, because they are only open to girls, and thus are gender biased.
IVYPREPMOM
June 29th, 2010
2:54 pm
@Atlanta Peach, the point to the all girls part is to focus on the girl aspect!!! Before you ask, no you cannot focus on the wonders of being a girl with boys around. Again, we only want the money that we pay to go to Ivy Prep, not yours. Why do you all keep overlooking that point. It will be funded from the money from our girls portion of the school board money. Not your portion.
Again, why should Lanier Middle get money for a child they are not teaching!!! No one has been able to answer that yet!!
Confused
June 29th, 2010
2:57 pm
Sorry but would some of y’all enlighten me. I’m not up to date on the charter situation. If an applicant to Ivy Prep is male, do they automatically get turned down?
GtMom
June 29th, 2010
2:58 pm
HStchr – I am ok with taking an SAT course.. But I think it would be better served as an extra curricular course – not one to be used during a normal school day. I really don’t see how they have the time. Most college bound students would be better served taking math (up and through Calculus), science (Biology – Macro and Micro, Physics, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry), English (including a presentations’ class and a writing class), and Social Sciences. There is not enough time in a normal school day to add Test Prep class. If they do use the time, they should really consider taking on another class at a college to ensure they get all they can get out of high school. And if only a few schools offer the SAT prep class isn’t that skewing the test results. While the school that offers the SAT class may have a higher score, does that mean those students will do better in college than the other schools(students)? I don’t think so. Test taking has not helped me out in my career at all and I was one of the better test takers out there. I find myself being humbled and learning from students who could not get in to Tech because of their scores and got what others considered a lesser degree.
IVYPREPMOM
June 29th, 2010
2:58 pm
Time for lunch back in an hour. Trust me I’m not done!!
catlady
June 29th, 2010
3:00 pm
Gee whiz, Ivyprepmom! Disposable income includes clothing. ( FYI: Disposable income is your income after taxes are taken out.) You could chose to outfit your child in clothes from the dumpster at Goodwill. Of course, Ivy Prep might not look kindly on that. In regular schools, we have kids who come to school in dirty, torn, smelly cast-off clothing. Are you just looking to argue? It sure seems like it.
I am not defending or denigrating uniforms. But many parents, whose kids do wear yard sale clothes or passed down from the cousin clothes, might find the requirement a barrier. As would be providing their own lunch, their own transportation to school, and other fees. These would be insurmountable obstacles to their attending Ivy Prep or a similar charter school.
Do you know how much Ivy Prep gets per student from state/county coffers? Does it compare well with what Lanier or other schools get? (I have no idea. I have seen some complaints about it because of the bus service/lack of issue, but I don’t know.)
EnoughAlready
June 29th, 2010
3:01 pm
What part of the money follows the child doesn’t those opposed to charter schools not get?
If they take more than what was allotted for that little girl, then you are paying for her to attend charter. However, if she’s getting the same dollars that were to be used at the public non-charter school then you are getting up set over NOTHING.
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:02 pm
Catlady, I think you have the right idea. I would take Ivy Prep and make it co-ed. You can keep the classrooms separate but if the school is going to receive public funds, it is my opinion it should be open to everyone.
ConcernedFultonMom
June 29th, 2010
3:02 pm
Charter schools offer another option…
I’m not sure why people are upset that Ivy Prep is for girls…other than the fact that in fairness, perhaps Gwinnett should offer an “all boys” option…
of course, the single-gender environment doesn’t work for every family -
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:10 pm
So will Gwinnett Mom be consistent and call for the abolition of all girls softball programs, since softball is only offered to girls in Georgia?
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:12 pm
No, I would say if a guy wants to play on the softball team, he should be allowed.
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:12 pm
Same for a girl on the football team.
Dekalb Parent
June 29th, 2010
3:16 pm
I think Gwinnett Mom has bought up some good points that really do need to be considered. I’ll wait to hear back from IvyPrep Mom but it does seem that boys automatically denied admission to Ivy Prep regardless of their qualifications or demeanor. I worry that this sets us down a slippery slope – will we be able to deny a charter catering to white students because they claim white students learn better in the presence of other white students? Charters I think are a great idea, but not so much when they promote segregation on the basis of gender, race or any other physical characteristic.
Atlanta Peach
June 29th, 2010
3:18 pm
Good reply GM, was going to say the same thing!
Fedup
June 29th, 2010
3:23 pm
Concerned Fulton Mom, the problem with South Fulton schools is that there is absolutely no credible representation on the school board on behalf of South Fulton schools. One member, Gail Dean, lives in Sandy Springs and is responsible for areas in S.Springs and S. Fulton – and believe me, has absolutely no interest in South Fulton…the other two are idiots and the other board members run over them like crap through a goose at board meetings. As the demographics have changed in South Fulton and there seems to be a very large inclusion of families/parents who want to see improvement in this area…new blood needs to step up to the plate and run for board election when the terms expire from the current members. I assure you, the manipulative board members from up North have used their cunning, guile, political tactics, and general harrassment of school leaders to get their way…for anyone who thinks things are equal in this district…visit Milton HS and then drive south and visit the newest South Fulton HS – Langston Hughes……see if anything strikes you as odd.
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:23 pm
So a 6′ 5″ 250lbs high school boy who might permanently injure a girl if he were to run into her on the field of play, should be allowed to play girls softball?
And what if twenty boys try out for the team, and the coach picks the best players? Are you just as happy to have 20 boys on a girls softball team, even if that leaves no room for any girls on the girls softball team?
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:26 pm
Go ahead Atlanta Peach tell us if 20 boys try out for the girls softball team, and they happen to be the best 20 players, that you are perfectly fine with having zero girls on the girls softball team.
DunMoody
June 29th, 2010
3:26 pm
My children attended a PUBLIC elementary school – not charter – that, by consensus of the parents, had a uniform dress code. Basic khaki pants, shorts, and skirts, navy/light blue/white polo shirts . . . and I spent far less on clothes than I had when they were in preschool. We didn’t have to buy them from a specific retailer, so we could go for best value. Saying that uniforms indicate some kind of exclusivity is disingenuous. Uniforms are a good deal for parents in terms of budget, fashion squabbles, pecking orders based on labels, and other distractions. I miss those uniforms now that my kids are in Hollister/Abercrombie/North Face/Keen/Sperry land (none of which I will purchase for them).
Back to topic – Maureen’s “brief” on her positions regarding education is spot on. I may not agree with every tenet, but her overview is the measuring stick our state and federal education leaders should take to heart.
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:26 pm
TTDGM, you could easily have girls doing the same thing. Believe me, we girls can compete if you just give us a chance.
Nikole
June 29th, 2010
3:30 pm
Single-gender schools are awesome. I would hope that districts would offer one for each group in fairness.
Back to the topic, charter schools are a great option in the world of education, but too much is often made of the highly successful ones. People then want to compare them to public schools, but it’s apples and oranges. Involved parents are the key to a student’s success. Charters attract parents involved enough to apply for school. Traditional public schools take whoever comes in the door. We are dealing with parents that didn’t even know when school started and didn’t know where there kid had been for a few days. (True Story!)
DunMoody
June 29th, 2010
3:31 pm
Aw, gee. Filter. Am I using a “no” word?
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:31 pm
Really Gwinnett Mom. What about backing that up with some facts about what percentage of girls are currently playing on high school baseball teams with boys? What percentage of girls are playing boys varsity basketball?
Yeah, that’s what I thought.
Time to dismiss Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:31 pm
Checkmate Gwinnett Mom.
DunMoody
June 29th, 2010
3:33 pm
@Nikole – actually, charters also include those who welcome whoever walks in the door. Peachtree Charter Middle School accepts every student who lives in the attendance district, regardless of ANYTHING. Yes, they are asked to give 10 volunteer hours to the school. No, their child is NOT “kicked out” if they fail to do so. By asking parents to step up, the school gets a much higher degree of parent involvement and, therefore, that essential component to quality education: the engaged parent. In return, parents get a school that welcomes them and wants their input.
Gwinnett Mom
June 29th, 2010
3:34 pm
Well like you said, if it’s not open to girls, they can’t exactly get on the team can they? Are you that resistant to change?