A few years back, when I was in the US Congress, I took the Army to task for permitting the practice of Wicca on its bases, including at Ft. Hood in Texas. After speaking with a number of officers and military leaders, and meeting with several former military who adhere to the practice of Wicca, I was convinced that a belief in or practice of witchcraft, was not necessarily incompatible with the good order and discipline essential to a military lifestyle. However, one might legitimately wonder just how far such tolerance should extend.
The US Air Force, at no less a prestigious location than the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, has taken the notion of religious tolerance to a new level, in creating an outdoor worship area for pagans. The site, apparently sacred to pagans, consists of an inner and an outer circle of large stones. I’m sorry, but this truly is hilarious. Don’t get me wrong, if someone “has little or no religion and delights in sensual pleasures and material goods,” which is the definition of a “pagan,” then I say live and let live.
But I have to tell you, if I were in the Air Force and was being commanded by an officer who practices hedonism as a religion (another part of the definition of “pagan”), and who dances around a circle of stones in the woods carrying a lighted candle, I would be more than a little worried about following him into battle.
330 comments Add your comment
planetspinz
February 17th, 2010
5:26 pm
Who you should be concerned about are the Christian cross-burning white supremacists in the military, unless those are your voting base http://www.splcenter.org/images/dynamic/main/SPLC_letter_extremists.pdf
Daedalus
February 17th, 2010
5:26 pm
Given the recent practices at the AFA: anti-semitism, racism and sexual assaults on female cadets (I now refer to the AFA as the “Christian-Rapists Flight School”) a little tolerance of pagans is a trend in the right direction.
Now if we can only get the cadets to keep their anti-semitic comments to themselves, and to stop sexually assaulting the female cadets, we might be on to something.
Bianca Bradley
February 17th, 2010
5:43 pm
Dear Mr Barr.
I’m sorry but you are sadly informed of the definition of the word Pagan. I have met you and know you to be an intelligent man. I would encourage you to research further. The Airforce letting the circle stay there is no more worrying then having a space in the CVN 72. There were various Pagans(Wiccans, Discordians, probably even some reconstructionist faiths)there. I know that some were enlisted and some were officers. If they did their job, why would you worry about being commanded by an officer?
Why would the open air circle be any different at the Air Force Academy then a Jewish temple? Would you worry about officers that adhere to the Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu faiths? If so why?
Pagan by the way is an umbrella term for various faiths. It encompasses Wicca(Btw and non BTW), Asatru, Greek, and Celtic reconstruction, Dianic, Druids, and a host of other paths I can’t name. It does not mean someone who worships hedonism. Pagans use the term Pagan because it hearkens back to the Roman name Paganus.
If you have any questions Mr. Barr I would be happy to answer them to the best of my knowledge, or at least point you in the direction where I think the answers may lie.
I wish you the best in your political endeavors as I believe our country needs more politicians like you.
Bianca Bradley
Lianna Costantino
February 17th, 2010
5:44 pm
Good grief. Well, tables are slowly turning. I just gave a lecture at 3 different universities on Christian Intolerance, and Mr. Barr was one of the stars discussed. I’m Pagan, part of that definition being Cherokee, and I agree with Black Air Force as well (think missionary schools, Trail of Tears, etc.). Historically, Christians have never played well with others. It’s difficult to be tolerant of others while your heel is pressing down on their necks, and you have the one and only “truth” and only YOUR God is “real”, etc. Common sense, common courtesy should rule, but as the saying goes, some people have just enough religion to hate. Where’s the love of Christ, Bob? Who is your neighbor? And if non-Christians can pay for Christian chapels, Bru, and Christian chaplains, etc., non-Pagans can support Pagan Circles as well. Fair is fair. One or the other, all or nothing. And when ANY prayer that holds one religious tradition over any other is forced upon anyone who is not of that tradition, and no consideration is given equally to others – not fair. Not equitable. People like Bob Barr should stop trying to legislate intolerance and ignorance, stop trying to legislate personal beliefs, and focus on legislating behaviors instead. As an ex-cop, I arrested people for what they did, not what they were thinking of doing. I know, I’m ranting on several topics raised in these blogs a bit erratically, but the bottom line is that Christians like Mr. Barr have none of my respect, and just as he was utterly impotent to stop Pagan practice at Ft. Hood when he came up against Dr. Oringderff, Christians in general have no power over us in general. As John Morley once said “You have not converted a man by silencing him”. Some Christians are nice, but many need to get a life. I have NEVER been so arrogant, presumtuous or bored as to meddle in the beliefs of others. Many Christians cannot say the same. The inherent arrogance of being “right” and owning the only “truth” there is gets in their way. We’ll not be silent any longer. And we are everywhere. Get used to it. Lianna Costantino
LibertyOrDeath
February 17th, 2010
5:57 pm
How can bob barr call himself a libertarian? He has and always will share the ideology with right wing republicans. Please stop calling yourself a libertarian bob. Libertarians belief in freedom of religion without restriction with no exeption.
Mike Hale
February 17th, 2010
6:03 pm
God damn…I’m disgusted that I actually voted for you. If I wanted a close-minded fundy for president, I woulda voted for Palin.
*shakes head*
Bob Barr’s new Atlanta Journal-Constitution article on paganism causes a stir | Independent Political Report
February 17th, 2010
7:07 pm
[...] The original piece by Bob Barr at AJC: [...]
Kristy
February 17th, 2010
7:38 pm
I feel his comments about the stone circle divisive. I feel that the soldiers should be able to practice openly their religion. I don’t say this because I happen to be Pagan myself. I would be just as upset if it were someone with the believes of Mr. Barr. This is not the first time he’s come out against Pagans. Like John K. says, what makes one man’s myth better than another. Mr. Barr’s attitude is exactly what the founding fathers were trying to avoid. For those of the “this is a christian nation” crowd, Jefferson was a deist. Futhermore, what if it were your beliefs that were being treated as second tier?
Linda
February 17th, 2010
8:01 pm
man, and I voted for you? what WAS I thinking? And, no, I’m not pagan. But, I do have a lot of respect for their beliefs and practices. I don’t see that a wiccan AF officer is any better or worse than a Baptist, or a Catholic, or a Mormon or a Jew.
Rev. Michael Engelking
February 17th, 2010
8:14 pm
Bob, you make me sick! It was a pleasure seeing your ass get the boot out of washington. your career in politics is dead. no one gives a sh&t what you think, Wiccans still worship in ft hood 10 years later, now wiccans have a place in the AF, wicca also has their pentacle used on graves stones for wiccans who lost their lives fighting for the freedom for you to write this bigoted letter. when supporting the troops doesn’t mean support christians troops only it means actually what is say support the troops all troops of all faiths, wiccan soldiers aren’t putting their lives on the line to be discriminated by ignorant idiots like you.
GSROBIII
February 17th, 2010
8:22 pm
I see that the bigotry that got you in trouble several years ago is still with you. I am an openly serving pagan and my Soldiers have no problem with what I believe. Obviously you don’t know much about Soldiers or you only talk to the fringes. I have honorably served this nation for almost 25 years and there has never been a question about my ability to lead based on my religion. I have served with Soldiers of a wide variety of religions and with very few exceptions, none cared about my beliefs any more than I cared about theirs. I have always ensured that, mission allowing, my Soldiers got the opportunity to get the the religious service of their choice and our Chaplain was/is always welcome to address my Soldiers. I have never heard a pagan Soldier say the they could not go on mission due to services, but I have certainly heard Soldiers of other religions say this. I could continue and poke holes in your statements above, but I will not lower myself to the level that you have attained. I choose to follow a path that makes me think, not follow the rules and dogma of someone who has never and will never walk the same path as I.
Blessed Be.
Todd
February 17th, 2010
8:35 pm
Mr. Barr’s error is the logical fallacy of equivocation, where the inappropriate definition of a word is used; in this case substituting the contextually incorrect definition “has little or no religion and delights in sensual pleasures and material goods” and “who practices hedonism as a religion” with the contextually accurate definition “a person who follows a polytheistic or pre-Christian religion.”
Todd
February 17th, 2010
8:37 pm
Mr. Barr’s error is the logical fallacy of equivocation, where the inappropriate definition of a word is used; in this case substituting the contextually accurate definition “a person who follows a polytheistic or pre-Christian religion” with the contextually incorrect definition “has little or no religion and delights in sensual pleasures and material goods” and “who practices hedonism as a religion.”
Barring Logic
February 17th, 2010
8:43 pm
Yeah, dancing around stones is simply stupid. Waiting in line to get a cracker – now THAT’S religion! Kneeling down every 10 minutes – sounds like religion to me! How about being dunked in water – yep, must be religion.
Get the point? Or, maybe since this is a ‘conservative’ blog I will need to spell it out since you guys just don’t get the most obvious things….
Hank Williams Jr.
February 17th, 2010
9:10 pm
Send me lawyers, guns and money, the S#IT has hit the fan !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
Christopher M. Smith
February 17th, 2010
9:22 pm
It really horrifies me that I voted for you. I won’t make that mistake again. You fake libertarian. I don’t vote on people based on opinion, but based on a candidates overall platform. However, the religious intolerance that you just spewed is completely unacceptable. My understanding of the libertarian Platform is the government has no place in religion. So why do you think you can dictate what religion our soldiers can be?
Smapdi
February 17th, 2010
9:39 pm
Wow. I had formed a soft spot for you, Mr. Barr. I had foolishly believed that you weren’t a terrible hypocrite. I no longer have to give you the benefit of the doubt. Mission accomplished.
Reska
February 17th, 2010
9:42 pm
To Salt and Light
In the beginning there was Muspell (full of fire and blinding light) and Niflheim ( fill of ice and snow), in between was Gin-nun-ga-gap. The melting snow formed the ice giant Imir. He feel asleep and from his armpit came the first woman and the first man.
This is the begininng of the world, makin the Asatru the “right” religion.
You should read In The Beginning, by Virginia Hamilton.
Salt & Light
February 17th, 2010
9:51 pm
Reska :
“God is not mocked.” I wish you well.
MP
February 17th, 2010
10:02 pm
Every one of you Libertarian party people who voted for Barr are sheep – the wolf only changed his clothes.
When I heard the LP say Barr was their candidate, I asked my friends who are members of the LP why, given his actions against the Ft. Hood Open Circle in 1999.
“Oh, he apologized, it’s all good, don’t worry about that!”
None of them were Wiccan or Pagan – they didn’t have to worry back then that Bobby-boy’s actions would endanger them.
Mr. Barr, you are a disgrace.
Bob
February 17th, 2010
10:31 pm
How embarrassing… The LP has reached an all-new low.
Brandon Longcrier
February 17th, 2010
10:35 pm
I can’t wait till the Associated Press gets a hold of this.
Brandon Longcrier
February 17th, 2010
10:40 pm
Or maybe they already have….. {raises pinky finger to lips}
kenneth
February 17th, 2010
10:53 pm
So just who would you follow into battle, Bob? You had plenty of opportunity to serve in the Vietnam years, when I daresay there were no Wiccan officers, and probably no Wiccan enlisted either. I guess you got too busy with the college deferrments and political theories and living on Dad’s dime. Like 99% of today’s chickenhawk Republicans, you’re military experts and your warriorhood only works remote control via other people’s kids.
ErmestPayne
February 17th, 2010
11:04 pm
Religion is all superstitious nonsense for the simple minded. It doesn’t matter if they worship a tree or an invisible sky fairy. Oh, and America is all about denying the next person their rights or equality and not about helping them achieve it.
Keltasia
February 17th, 2010
11:09 pm
Too bad the person who wrote this article doesn’t have the journalistic integrity to look up the etymology of the term “pagan”. What a joke to the profession.
Robert
February 17th, 2010
11:12 pm
I regret voting for you back in ‘08 after reading this. What kind of chastise the choices about another individual makes? What kind of libertarian doesn’t support freedom of religion? I might be an atheist, but I think people should be allowed to express their religious preferences in whatever way they feel fit, and to see someone call themselves a libertarian who thinks otherwise is appalling.
I used to think you could change America, Bob, but now I realize that you are just another Republican. I am sorely disappointed.
Frammis
February 17th, 2010
11:13 pm
I love Christians! Remember when Jesus rode the dinosaurs? That was my favorite part of the Bible.
aboch
February 17th, 2010
11:22 pm
Bob Barr is doing exactly what I have suspected of many Libertarians for the past couple of years. They still are Republicans re-branding to something more popular. Good PR move I guess.
Jane M
February 17th, 2010
11:28 pm
“But I have to tell you, if I were in the Air Force and was being commanded by an officer who practices hedonism as a religion (another part of the definition of “pagan”), and who dances around a circle of stones in the woods carrying a lighted candle, I would be more than a little worried about following him into battle.”
Nice to see your cultural sophistication, Bob. The use of pagan as a pejorative (as in hedonist) is not to define it in a way that’s meaningful to practitioners. Furthermore, if dancing around outdoors disqualifies one for military leadership, then I guess you’ll be purging all the Jews next, since at Simchat Torah, dancing outdoors in celebration is part of the religious ritual. And let’s make sure to ban the use of candles in all our churches and synagogues because they are “hilarious.”
One more demonstration that Bob Barr is an intellectual lightweight, a superficial grabber at publicity and someone who goes for the cheap applause line.
John
February 17th, 2010
11:30 pm
So if you dance around some stones in a circle, you’re weird. If you believe on Sunday that you’re eating the body and drinking the blood of a long dead Jew (who never existed), then you’re normal. Makes “sense.”
Starshadow
February 17th, 2010
11:46 pm
If you don’t know what neopaganism is about, don’t make up stuff and pull it out of your fundament, Bob. Ask a real neopagan. Ask a Wiccan.
I suppose any religious practice looks silly to those who don’t practice it. Muslims kneel and bow to their god. Catholics play with beads and light candles, and follow men in dresses. Pentecostals “dance in the spirit.” Buddhists do a variety of things in the name of their religion.
What do you do, Bob? If you have a ritual, would you like it ridiculed the way you’re ridiculing ours? Are you in a position to point fingers? I think not.
Bob, you don’t have to like anyone else’s religion–or nonreligion. But ridiculing it as you’ve just done is beyond the pale. You owe neopagans and Wiccans in particular an apology. This has nothing to do with political correctness, it has to do with manners, and the appalling lack of them you’re showing, as well as your own illogic. Grow up, Bob. Your myth isn’t better than ours. It’s just different.
Brandon Longcrier
February 17th, 2010
11:47 pm
“Religion is all superstitious nonsense for the simple minded.”
There are many people who blindly follow, but making a statement like that is no better than what Mr. Barr is spewing. I’m Pagan and (speaking for myself only) I know that the Gods and Goddesses that I hold near and dear to my heart and soul come from within my own psyche; not out there somewhere. I and many others who follow Earth-Centered traditions do not believe in supernatural beings in the sky playing puppermaster. Most if not all of us believe that we are in 100% control of our lives. The ancients gave life to the things around them by personifying them, giving them faces, and eventually turing those personifications into Gods and Goddesses. What makes Paganism spiritual is the connection we feel with the natural energies of nature, the Earth, and the Universe as a whole. You can explain those energies away all day with science, but we still feel that there’s a connection to be had with nature and that is what Earth-Centered spirituality is all about. There’s nothing “superstitious” about it you truly know that it all comes from within.
sjcr
February 18th, 2010
12:03 am
Fascinating how it’s expected that the non-christian officers are expected to not only tolerate Christianity, but also accept it, and yet non-Christians are not afforded even the slightest tolerance. There are more of us than many of you know. The USAF decision is to be applauded. It’s a victory for the thousands of Pagan men and women who serve our country.
MCH
February 18th, 2010
12:06 am
Read the Treaty of Tripoli, it’s on wikipedia. It proves that America is not and never was based on the Christian religion, or any specific religion for that matter. It is signed by John Adams. Our founding fathers were deists and Christians, but they were firm believers in separation of church and state. The armed forces are made up of all kinds of folks, so all religions should be honored unless they promote hatred or violence towards others. Of course the military means violence towards others, so it’s a no-win situation. Pagans should be respected like all other religions.
Brandon Longcrier
February 18th, 2010
12:06 am
Yes sjcr, and I hope the thousands of Pagans out there who are still in the closet will now decide to come out and stand up for their rights and demand what’s rightfully theirs.
Bugger-off Bob
February 18th, 2010
12:19 am
Alright, jerkoffs, here is a quick and dirty history lesson. Freemasonry is the basis of Wicca. This is the percentage of Founding Fathers who were Masons. Whether or not you profess this to be “One Nation Under God”, do you really think it was the intention of the Founding Fathers to ban practice/beliefs that they considered sacred, upheld and fought for? If you don’t want to be a Wiccan, Pagan, Mormon, or anything else, don’t be. It’s nobody’s business to tell anyone else if their beliefs are valid; Bob Barr be damned. Paganism has a large enough representation that it deserves to be recognized by the Military. If these men and women are good enough to die for their country, have the decency to allow them to practice their beliefs in peace. Bob Barr, you should be ashamed of yourself for being so disrespectful to members of our Armed Services. Until your old ass is ready to pick up an M-16 and do their job, SHUT THE HELL UP! It’s amazing that you would dare you criticize any member of the military, when you, yourself, are a draft-dodger. Any Pagan Soldier is a greater Patriot than you. As well as Christian, Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, Native American, Atheist, or soldier of any other religion.
Category Total Number Involved Number & Percent Who Were Freemasons
Signers of the Declaration of Independence 56 9 — 16%
Signers of the U.S. Constitution 39 13 — 33%
Generals in the Continental Army 74 33 — 46%
http://www.bessel.org/foundmas.htm
Aazari
February 18th, 2010
12:23 am
So, do you think it’s hysterical that a bunch of people gather up inside a building and pretend to eat flesh and drink blood? How ghoulish! I wouldn’t want to follow such a person into battle! And, yes, I’m Pagan. No, I don’t have a religion. Religions are for programmable robots. I have a spirituality and a code of ethics. That means I do the right thing because it’s the right thing, not because I fear some vengeful god punishing me for doing otherwise. No religion is more valid than another except in the minds of the people practicing them. In the end, none of them are totally right or totally wrong because they are subjective and shaped by the people in them.
Kirk C
February 18th, 2010
12:24 am
Bob Barr is jack-a**…. wicca does not equal hedonium. if he’d listened when he met with them he might understand this, rather than getting his definition of “pagan” from the Pope Benedict the Rotweiller Dictionary.. but more importantly, if he truly honored and respected our constitution, he wouldn’t be making arguments that the government should go about violating the Establishment Clause.
Kevin
February 18th, 2010
12:28 am
“The Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion…” – John Adams, 2nd US President
Michael
February 18th, 2010
12:57 am
I was amazed when Bob teamed up with the ACLU awhile back — part of me wondered if he was turning over a new (and better) leaf. Guess not.
There are a lot of silly things believed by a lot of religious and spiritual people. I won’t go on to insult all the mainstream religions with examples of such. Regardless, maybe the only thing sillier is not believing in anything.
Pagan (and mainstream) religionists are perfectly capable of functioning well in the military. One would hope a military organized to protect all would also allow all to worship.
Bob Barr never got more publicity than when he went after the Pagans. Maybe he misses the limelight.
Chiyo
February 18th, 2010
1:04 am
When I google; “Wiccan Terrorist groups” I get nothing. When I google; “Christian Terrorist groups” I get an entire list! Army of God, Christian Identity, Lambs of Christ, Ku Klux Klan, and many more. These people have been committing domestic terrorist acts, killing other Americans for years and get no publicity. But the lack of attention they receive has not kept every blind, some of us know how evil this religion can be. Some of us would much more readily trust a pagan commanding officer, than a Christian one who might turn around shoot down one of his own… Bigotry, hatred and exclusivity are a learned behavior, Mr. Barr. I was an accomplished seminarian, serving an internship toward priesthood, when a Christian Terrorist group threatened to firebomb my Church because they didn’t like the way we were running things. That was my first lesson. Your bigotted and hateful post here has been my latest lesson, but I’m sure it won’t be my last. Every day I see another reason to marginalize Christians out of my life.
Doug De Clue
February 18th, 2010
1:21 am
Congressman… As a life long liberal Democrat I used to not think much of you back in the 90’s but when you stood up for the Constitution against the attacks on it by the Bush Administration when that was clearly a very risky position for you to take in your political career so I was pleasantly pleased and surprised at your intellectual honest and courage at that point to take on your own party over a point of principle.
In that light, attacking people who have chosen to serve in the military because they don’t practice the same religion you do or because they don’t practice one period is really a tremendous let down for me with respect to my opinion of your integrity.
We aren’t all Democrats or Republicans. We aren’t all white or black. Some of us weren’t born here either.
We aren’t all Baptists, or Methodists or Catholics or even Christians.
There are plenty of people who are Buddhists, and Muslims, and Jews, and even Atheists and Agnostics.
How is being a “Pagan” or “Wiccan” any different than that?
Frankly what worries me would be an officer who didn’t respect and love the Constitution – that’s what we really all have in common in the first place and what soldiers (like Congressmen) swear to protect and defend. If they really mean what they say in swearing that oath then being tolerant and respectful of another man’s (or woman’s) religion is really the most basic thing they ought to be doing before they do anything else.
Scott
February 18th, 2010
1:41 am
i would love for the military to boot out every non christian, just so the waterheads who think that the military is a christian group would see just how few there really are in there in there, and then they should boot out the catholics, and then the mormons and then the lutherians, and then ,,,, and then ,,, and then,, and then,,,
i guess bob has no plans to run for office again because this kind of hate will insure that he never gets a seat in any office.
i am so glad to know that the 15 years i spent protecting your rights didnt count because i dont bow down to your god,
Chris B
February 18th, 2010
2:06 am
My first thought took me to the Navajo code talkers; a group of men sent to the Japanese battlefield in WWII under the command of the United States Military. Their language allowed the allied forces to communicate tactical information despite the Japanese attempts to translate the messages. The Navajo language couldn’t be broken.
So I ask you, Mr. Barr – where does it say a man (or woman) who communes with nature can’t be trusted on the battlefield? I can’t be certain of the religious backgrounds of all the code talkers, but I would think some held their old traditions when facing the enemy. Some danced under the moonlight, around a fire, and praying to the spirits for guidance and strength. It made them heroes. What have your beliefs provided you, Mr. Barr?
The L
February 18th, 2010
4:10 am
@Salt & Light: No one is mocking your triple deity–only those of his followers who insist that they are the only “right” ones, that they have the only spiritual truth, etc. Such arrogance and disrespect for others doesn’t exactly endear you to others.
I thought your Messiah taught humility and “the last will be first.” Not to BE served, but to SERVE. Is that missing from your Bible, perhaps?
The L
February 18th, 2010
4:27 am
@Mr. Barr: Considering that you don’t hold with religious beliefs that Jack Chick considers to be “evil,” I take it you’re also against Catholics, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Mormons, Freemasons, atheists, and anyone who uses any version of the Bible other than the KJV serving in our military.
After all, your simplistic and demeaning characterization of my religion sounds like it came from a Chick tract. Maybe the next time you meet with Wiccans and other Pagans, you should actually listen to what we tell you about our religion.
Here’s some references in case you ever wish to talk about Paganism again–after all, you don’t want to make any more embarrassing blunders. Most of them are on Wicca, simply because this is the most commonly practiced form of Paganism in the US and thus has the most information available on it:
http://wicca.timerift.net/wicca101/index.shtml
Wicca: For the Rest of Us–Wicca 101. A basic overview of who we are and what we believe.
http://www.religioustolerance.org/witchcra.htm
Articles on Wicca by the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.
http://witchvox.com/
The largest Pagan newsletter on the Internet, updated weekly since 1997. The archives are all available for your perusal and neatly organized by section, including a section that describes Pagan traditions and rituals to newcomers.
Scott Cunningham, 1988. The truth about witchcraft today. Llewellyn Books.
Margot Adler, 2006. Drawing down the moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-
Worshippers and Other Pagans in America Today [2nd ed.]. Boston: Beacon Press.
I do not expect you to make such ignorant and bigoted comments again, given the massive amount of information at your disposal and the sheer number of Pagans who have offered to tell you about our religion. If you do continue to make such comments, I will assume you have lost this list of resources and will gladly send it to you again.
Kat
February 18th, 2010
4:54 am
“Say nothing of my religion. It is known to God and myself alone. Its evidence before the world is to be sought in my life: if it has been honest and dutiful to society the religion which has regulated it cannot be a bad one”. ~ Thomas Jefferson
Kat
February 18th, 2010
4:55 am
Arthur Shopenhauer: “Religion is the masterpiece of the art of animal training, for it trains people as to how they shall think.”
Kat
February 18th, 2010
5:00 am
Jose Rizal: “No one has a monopoly of the true God, nor is there a nation or religion that can claim, or at any rate prove, that it has been given the exclusive right to the Creator or sole knowledge of His Being.”